The Digestive Tract Cancers Medical Program, also known as the gastrointestinal tract or GI, is a tubular passage extending from the mouth to the anus. Its main function is to consume and digest food, extract nutrition and energy from it and then eliminate waste. The tract includes the esophagus, stomach, the intestines, pancreas, gallbladder and the liver. Cancer in the gastrointestinal tract, which is the most common type of cancer, refers to the development of cancerous tumours in any organ in the digestive tract.
The colon is the largest part of the large intestine (large bowel) and together with the rectum as well as the anal canal make up the last part of the digestive system. Its main responsibility is to reabsorb fluids and other nutrients and send it back into the body while sending the remainder of undigested food with bacteria and juices from the digestive system to be stored in the rectum which is later sent to the anal canal and released out of the body.
Colorectal cancer is a term often used for cancers that begins in the colon or the rectum due to the fact that they have much in common.
Hepatectomy: The removal of tumours from the liver. This is done by the removal of only the part in which the tumour is in, a larger portion of the liver or an entire lobe leaving behind an enough portion of liver tissue in order for the liver to continue in its functions and so that it regenerates. This surgery is dependent on whether cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes and whether the liver is in good working order as well as on the size, number, and location of cancer.
The pancreas is located deep in the abdomen and is part both the digestive system and the endocrine system. 90% of the pancreas is responsible for the production of enzymes that aid in digesting fat, cholesterol, and proteins the remaining 10% is responsible for the production of hormones, such as insulin and glucagon, that regulate glucose metabolism. Pancreatic cancer is often hard to detect due to its deep location within the body and because it gives off little symptoms until the cancer is well developed. There are two types of pancreatic cancers the first and most common is cancer of the exocrine pancreas (the part of the pancreas that makes the enzymes); the second is cancer of the endocrine pancreas (the part of the pancreas that makes the hormones).
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