Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) Procedure

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is a widely utilized assisted reproductive technique designed to improve the likelihood of fertilization by directly introducing motile, laboratory-prepared sperm into the uterine cavity at a strategically timed point in the menstrual cycle. By bypassing the cervix and delivering sperm closer to the site of fertilization, IUI minimizes barriers to sperm migration and enhances the concentration of viable sperm reaching the fallopian tubes, where the egg awaits. 

This procedure is considered less invasive, more cost-effective, and less physically demanding than advanced reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), making it an attractive initial intervention for many individuals and couples seeking fertility support. Its simplicity, relatively low procedural burden, and compatibility with both natural and hormonally stimulated cycles contribute to its widespread use in reproductive medicine. When coordinated with precise cycle monitoring and clinical oversight, IUI provides an optimized environment for conception and represents a valuable step in the continuum of fertility care.   

Why Cuba 

As a less invasive and more affordable alternative to in vitro fertilization (IVF), Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is often considered a first-line fertility treatment for international patients traveling to Cuba. The procedure is offered within a structured, cost-effective healthcare system that emphasizes accessibility, high-quality care, and personalized medical oversight—making it an attractive option for individuals and couples from abroad seeking assisted reproduction services.  

IUI in Cuba is commonly recommended for cases involving unexplained infertility, mild male factor infertility or ovulatory dysfunction. When accurately timed and performed by experienced fertility specialists, IUI significantly enhances the chances of natural conception. The procedure is often integrated with ovulation induction protocols to further improve success rates, all while maintaining a supportive, medically supervised environment tailored to the needs of international patients. 

Pre-Treatment Diagnosis and Evaluation  

Before proceeding with IUI, a comprehensive fertility workup is essential to determine the appropriateness and likelihood of success with this treatment. Key components of the pretreatment evaluation include: 

Ovulation Assessment 

• Regularity of menstrual cycles is reviewed. 
• Hormonal evaluations (FSH, LH, estradiol, AMH, progesterone) help assess ovarian reserve and ovulation status. 
• Ultrasound monitoring may be used to evaluate follicular development. 

Semen Analysis 

• A standard semen analysis is performed to assess sperm count, motility, morphology, and volume. 

Tubal Patency Testing 

• It is critical to confirm that at least one fallopian tube is open and functional. 
• This is typically assessed via hysterosalpingography (HSG) or saline infusion sonography (SIS). 

Uterine Evaluation 

• A transvaginal ultrasound or hysteroscopy may be performed to rule out structural abnormalities such as fibroids or polyps that could interfere with implantation. 

Only after this diagnostic stage confirms that IUI is a suitable option does the treatment plan proceed. 

How the IUI Procedure Is Carried Out 

The IUI process is relatively quick, minimally invasive, and without anesthesia. 

Ovulation Timing 

• The cycle may be natural or stimulated using fertility medications to encourage the release of one or more mature eggs. 
• Ovulation is closely monitored via ultrasound and/or hormonal blood tests. 
• An hCG trigger shot may be administered to induce ovulation, allowing precise timing of insemination. 

Semen Collection and Preparation 

• A semen sample is collected, usually on the day of the procedure. 
• The sperm is “washed” in the laboratory to remove non-motile sperm, debris, and seminal fluid, concentrating the healthiest motile sperm for insemination.

Insemination 

• Using a thin, flexible catheter, the prepared sperm is inserted directly into the uterine cavity via the cervix. 
• The procedure takes only a few minutes, is generally painless, and does not require sedation or recovery time. 
• The patient is typically advised to lie down briefly following the procedure. 

Success Rates of IUI 

The success of IUI varies based on multiple factors, including the patient’s age, fertility diagnosis, sperm quality, and use of fertility drugs.  

Repeated cycles can increase the chance of conception, with many clinicians recommending up to three IUI attempts before considering IVF. 

Success rates decline with advanced maternal age and in cases of severe male factor infertility, tubal disease, or endometriosis. 

Side Effects and Risks of IUI 

While IUI is considered a safe and well-tolerated procedure, there are a few potential side effects and risks to consider: 

Discomfort or Cramping 

• Mild uterine cramping or spotting may occur during or after the procedure.

Multiple Pregnancy 

• When fertility medications are used, there is a heightened risk of twins or higher-order multiples, particularly with injectable gonadotropins. 

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) 

• In rare cases, ovulation-inducing medications may lead to OHSS, causing ovarian enlargement and fluid retention. 

Infection 

• A very small risk of uterine infection exists following catheter insertion, though this is rare due to sterile technique.